Please note, these are general guidelines; advice should be taken for an individual itinerary.

The alphabetical list below shows for each country:

E = Immunisation is an essential requirement for entry to the country concerned and you will require a certificate.

E1 = Immunisation essential except for infants under one year (but note the advice above).

E2 = Immunisation essential (except for infants under one year) unless arriving from non-infected area, but if travelling via equatorial Africa or South America, seek medical advice.

E3 = Immunisation essential if the traveller arrives from an infected country or area (this will not apply if your journey is direct from the UK). The lower age limit varies.

E4 = Immunisation essential if arriving within 6 days of having visited an infected country.

r = Immunisation or tablets recommended for protection against disease, but note that for Yellow Fever pregnant women and infants under nine months should not normally be immunised and therfore should avoid exposure to infection.

D = Check immunised against diptheria.

M = Meningitis, depending on area visited and time of year.

a) = Depends on area visited.

b) = Limited risk in Sao Tiago Island.

c) = Recommended for all travellers going to the Province of Darien.

d) = Certificate also required if leaving Paraguay to go to endemic areas.

e) = Applies only to travellers to the Azores and Madeira.

No special immunisations are required for those European countries not listed.